Business High School
Answers
Answer 1
The statement that is not correct is c. Oligopolistic firms are always large. The correct option is c
Oligopolies are market structures characterized by a small number of firms dominating the industry. Each firm in an oligopoly possesses some market power, meaning they have the ability to influence prices and output levels. However, it is not accurate to say that oligopolistic firms are always large.
Oligopolistic firms can vary in size, and there are cases where small firms can exist within an oligopoly. The defining characteristic of an oligopoly is the presence of a few dominant firms, regardless of their size. These firms often engage in strategic behavior, such as price competition, collusion, or non-price competition, to maintain their market power and influence industry outcomes.
The presence of economies of scale, where the average cost of production decreases as output increases, is indeed an important reason for the existence of oligopolies. Economies of scale allow larger firms to achieve cost advantages and potentially deter new entrants from competing effectively. However, it does not imply that all oligopolistic firms are large. The correct option is c
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Related Questions
"What would NOT be an example of a fee charged by a fund to
incentivize the sale or distribution of a fund?
a. 12b-1 fee
b. management fee
c. front-end load
d. back-end load
Answers
NOT be an example of a fee charged by a fund to
incentivize the sale or distribution of a fund b) management fee..
the fee that would not be an example of a fee charged by a fund to incentivize the sale or distribution of a fund is the b) management fee.
while all the s mentioned—12b-1 fee, front-end load, and back-end load—can be associated with fees charged by a fund to encourage sales or distribution, the management fee is not specifically designed for that purpose. the management fee is a charge imposed by the fund to cover the costs of managing and operating the fund, including administrative expenses, research, portfolio management, and other related services. it is not directly tied to incentivizing sales or distribution.
in contrast, the 12b-1 fee is an ongoing charge for marketing and distribution expenses, the front-end load is a sales charge imposed at the time of purchasing the fund, and the back-end load is a sales charge applied when redeeming or selling the fund.
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On the first day of the fiscal year, a company issues a $591,000,8%, 10-year bond that pays semiannual interest or $23,640 (5591,000 * 3% x 1/2) receiving cash of $620,600. Journalize the entry for the first interest payment and amortization of premium using the straight line method.
Answers
On the first day of the fiscal year, a company issues a $591,000,8%, 10-year bond that pays semiannual interest or $23,640 (5591,000 * 3% x 1/2) receiving cash of $620,600.
The company would have received a premium of $29,600 ($620,600 - $591,000) on the issuance of the bond. Hence, the carrying value of the bond would be $620,600 (cash received) + $29,600 (premium received) = $650,200. The entry to record the bond issuance would be:Cash620,600Premium on bonds payable29,600Bonds payable591,000 The first interest payment would be made at the end of six months. Using the straight-line method, the total premium of $29,600 will be amortized equally over the 10 years of the bond's life. The semi-annual amortization of premium would be ($29,600/20 semi-annual periods) = $1,480.
The entry to record the first interest payment and amortization of premium using the straight-line method would be: Interest expense1,507 ($23,640 / 10 - $1,480)Premium on bonds payable ($1,480 x 2)2,960Cash23,640The balance of the premium on bonds payable would be reduced to $26,640 ($29,600 - $2,960) after the first interest payment.
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A business organized as a corporation is owned by its:.
Answers
A business organized as a corporation is owned by its shareholders. In a corporation, the shareholders have ownership interests in the corporation.
The shareholders elect the board of directors who then appoint the corporation's management team to run the day-to-day operations of the business.In a corporation, the shareholders have limited liability for the debts and obligations of the corporation. This means that the shareholders are only responsible for the amount of money that they have invested in the corporation. If the corporation goes bankrupt or has other financial problems, the shareholders will not be personally responsible for the corporation's debts or obligations.
They may lose their investment, but they will not be required to pay more than the amount of money that they have already invested.In addition to limited liability, corporations have several other advantages over other forms of business organization. For example, corporations can raise large amounts of capital by issuing stock. They also have perpetual existence, meaning that the corporation can continue to operate even if the original owners sell their shares or pass away.
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TRUE OR FALSE
1) Nearly all major companies in the United States use the direct method to prepare the statement of cash flows.
2)Under the indirect method, the operating activities section of the cash flow statement begins with net income.
3)The statement of cash flows reports business activities on an accrual basis.
4)Depreciation expense is added back to net income in calculating operating cash flows.
5)Non-operating items that increase net income, such as gains on the sale of fixed assets, must be added in calculating operating cash flows.
6)An increase in a current asset account, other than cash, results in an addition in calculating operating cash flows.
7)A decrease in accounts payable results in a subtraction in calculating operating cash flows.
8)Both dividends paid and dividends declared during the year are reported in the statement of cash flows.
Answers
The correct answers to the statements are True, True, False, True, False, False, False, and False, respectively.
The given statements are as follows:
Nearly all major companies in the United States use the direct method to prepare the statement of cash flows. (True)
Under the indirect method, the operating activities section of the cash flow statement begins with net income. (True)
The statement of cash flows reports business activities on an accrual basis. (False)
Depreciation expense is added back to net income in calculating operating cash flows. (True)
Non-operating items that increase net income, such as gains on the sale of fixed assets, must be added in calculating operating cash flows. (False)
An increase in a current asset account, other than cash, results in an addition in calculating operating cash flows. (False)
A decrease in accounts payable results in a subtraction in calculating operating cash flows. (False)
Both dividends paid and dividends declared during the year are reported in the statement of cash flows. (False)
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make journal entries:
a) Purchased land for construction of production hall, for $50,000, via note payable (8%, 5
Years, principal $50,000)
b) Invoice for Regeton States Power Co. $5,000 received for utility usage in May.
c) Sale of the goods for $200,000 on account costing $130,000, credit terms 2/10, n/30.
d) Collected cash $150,000 from customers from the transaction (c) within a discount period.
e) Dividends declared, $5,000.
f) $ 8,000 paid 6 months in advance for accounting journals.
g) Depreciation of the equipment, $3,500.
Answers
Journal entries are the records of company transactions which are entered in chronological order and categorized into debit and credit columns. It is a book of accounts that record financial transactions.
a) Purchased land for construction of production hall, for $50,000, via note payable (8%, 5 Years, principal $50,000)
The journal entry for this transaction will be: Land for production hall $50,000 Note Payable $50,000
b) Invoice for Regeton States Power Co. $5,000 received for utility usage in May.The journal entry for this transaction will be: Accounts Receivable $5,000 Revenue $5,000
c) Sale of the goods for $200,000 on account costing $130,000, credit terms 2/10, n/30.
The journal entry for this transaction will be:Accounts Receivable $200,000 Sales $200,000 Cost of Goods Sold $130,000 Inventory $130,000
d) Collected cash $150,000 from customers from the transaction (c) within a discount period.
The journal entry for this transaction will be:Cash $147,000 Accounts Receivable $147,000 Sales Discount $3,000
e) Dividends declared, $5,000.The journal entry for this transaction will be: Dividends $5,000 ,Cash $5,000
f) $ 8,000 paid 6 months in advance for accounting journals.
The journal entry for this transaction will be: Prepaid Expense $8,000Cash $8,000
g) Depreciation of the equipment, $3,500.
The journal entry for this transaction will be: Depreciation Expense $3,500 Accumulated Depreciation $3,500
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Which statement below correctly describes how to manage span of control.
Answers
"Managing span of control involves determining the optimal number of subordinates or direct reports that a manager can effectively supervise and manage to achieve organizational goals."
Span of control refers to the number of employees or subordinates that a manager or supervisor directly oversees. Managing span of control effectively is essential for maintaining organizational efficiency, communication, and ensuring effective supervision and support for employees. It involves finding the right balance between having too few or too many direct reports for a manager, considering factors such as workload, complexity of tasks, communication needs, and the manager's capabilities. By managing span of control appropriately, organizations can ensure effective management and maintain productivity and employee satisfaction.
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Which management viewpoint saw humans as cogs within a machine?.
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The management viewpoint that saw humans as COGS within a machine is Scientific Management. Scientific Management is a management method that emphasizes the application of scientific approaches to increase efficiency and productivity in the workplace.
This method was developed in the late 19th century by Frederick Winslow Taylor, a mechanical engineer. He created this management system to improve industrial productivity and efficiency by applying scientific principles and techniques. Scientific Management emphasizes the following: Employees are regarded as cogs or extensions of the machines they operate. Scientific management advocated that work can be broken down into smaller and less complicated tasks that can be performed by workers with little or no training. This viewpoint minimized the need for skilled workers, replacing them with less skilled, lower-paid employees. This method was viewed as effective, but it has been criticized for treating workers as machines and neglecting their welfare.
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For the Return on Market Investment (ROMI) to be used properly, an organization must do all of the following EXCEPT ____________.
A.
combine ROMI review with the results from other marketing metrics
B.
focus on the short-term profits and expenditures in the ROMI
C.
consider the long-term impact of the ROMI
D.
identify other appropriate and consistent measures to use
Answers
For the Return on Market Investment (ROMI) to be used properly, an organization must do all of the following EXCEPT B.Hence, option B is the correct answer.
Focus on the short-term profits and expenditures in the ROMI.What is ROMI?Return on market investment (ROMI) is a metric used in marketing that calculates the revenue generated by campaigns compared to the cost of running them. ROMI is used to evaluate the effectiveness of marketing campaigns based on how much revenue they generate relative to the amount spent on them.
ROMI is a variation of the return on investment (ROI) metric.However, to use the Return on Market Investment (ROMI) properly, an organization must combine ROMI review with the results from other marketing metrics, consider the long-term impact of the ROMI, identify other appropriate and consistent measures to use, and focus on the long-term benefits of the ROMI. Hence, option B is the correct answer.
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Which of the following are the disadvantages of acquisition for an entrepreneur? (Check all that apply.)
Multiple select question.
The actual purchase price may be inflated due to the established image, existing customer base, channel members, or suppliers.
Most ventures that are up for acquisition have a marginally successful or even unprofitable track record.
The entrepreneur has to spend more time on finding suppliers and creating customer awareness.
The business's future potential cannot be assessed due to absence of any track records.
Answers
The actual purchase price may be inflated due to the established image, existing customer base, channel members, or suppliers. Most ventures that are up for acquisition have a marginally successful or even unprofitable track record.
Purchase refers to the act of acquiring goods or services in exchange for money or other forms of payment. It is a fundamental aspect of business and everyday life, allowing individuals and organizations to obtain the necessary resources and fulfill their needs and desires.
The process of purchase typically involves several steps, including identifying the desired product or service, evaluating options, comparing prices and quality, making a decision, and completing the transaction. Purchases can be made in various settings, such as retail stores, online platforms, or through direct negotiations with suppliers.
Successful purchasing requires careful consideration of factors such as price, quality, reliability, convenience, and customer service. It involves assessing the value proposition of the product or service and ensuring that it meets the buyer's requirements and expectations. Effective purchasing strategies can help individuals and businesses optimize their spending, minimize risks, and achieve their desired outcomes.
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Suppose Pat's Pears is a local farm participating in the perfectly competitive pear market. Currently, Pat is selling 400 pears per week at the market price of $1 each. Pat's Average Variable Cost is $.75 and Total Fixed Cost is $200. Use this information to answer the following: 1. Can Pat pay TVC? 2. Can Pat pay TC? 3. How much Economic Profit (or loss) is Pat making per week? 4. Assuming other pear farmers are experiencing the same market conditions, what can we expect to happen to the number of pear farmers in the market?
Answers
As a result, the market supply will decrease and the price of pears will increase, which will eventually result in economic profits for Pat.
Yes, Pat can pay TVC. TVC stands for Total Variable Costs which includes costs that vary with output such as the cost of raw materials and labor. In this case, Pat's Average Variable Cost is $.75, and he is selling 400 pears per week at $1 each. Therefore, TVC for Pat is $300 (400 x $.75), Yes, Pat can pay TC. TC stands for Total Costs which include all costs (both fixed and variable) associated with production. In this case, Pat's Total Fixed Cost is $200 and Total Variable Cost (TVC) is $300. Therefore, Pat's TC is $500 (TVC + TFC), which is less than the $400 revenue received from selling 400 pears.
3. Economic profit is the difference between total revenue and total cost, including both explicit and implicit costs. In this case, Pat's total revenue from selling 400 pears is $400. Total cost (TC) for Pat is $500 (TVC + TFC). Therefore, Pat is experiencing an economic loss of $100 per week. Economic Loss = Total Revenue - Total Cost= $400 - $500= -$100 (Negative Economic Profit) 4. Assuming other pear farmers are experiencing the same market conditions, If other pear farmers are experiencing the same market conditions, we can expect them to exit the market because they are also making economic losses. When the economic profit is negative, producers exit the market. As a result, the market supply will decrease and the price of pears will increase, which will eventually result in economic profits for Pat.
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but that equates the two lives, the innocent and the guilty. group of answer choices nominalist epistemology nominalist politics realist ethics nominalist metaphysics
Answers
The statement "but that equates the two lives, the innocent and the guilty" is best related to nominalist politics.
The statement "but that equates the two lives, the innocent and the guilty" implies the ethical and political beliefs of an individual.
Nominalist politics is a concept that advocates a separation of the human world from the divine realm. The political idea is founded on the belief that the universe and all that it contains are distinct from and unrelated to one another.
Nominalists feel that reality is constantly changing and that terms like 'innocent' and 'guilty' are mere terms invented by people to refer to an idea that exists only in the mind.
Therefore, the concept of 'innocence' or 'guilt' is subject to interpretation and cannot be considered objective truth. The term "nominalist politics" aligns with the statement that equates the two lives, the innocent and the guilty.
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the formal process to remove data problems such as repeating groups is called ________.
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The formal process to remove data problems such as repeating groups is called normalization.
Normalization is a structured and formal approach to organizing and developing database schemas. It decreases data redundancy and avoids data inconsistencies and errors by systematically eliminating data redundancies and dependencies. Normalization is the process of breaking down a large table into smaller, more manageable tables.
Normalization guidelines are divided into many standard normalization rules, which can be found below:
First Normal Form (1NF)Second Normal Form (2NF)Third Normal Form (3NF)Boyce-Codd Normal Form (BCNF)Fourth Normal Form (4NF)Fifth Normal Form (5NF)
The rules of normalization in database design should be followed to ensure that the database can be easily scaled and maintained. They must also guarantee data consistency and reduce data anomalies, making it easier for applications to read and write data to the database.
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Which classic arcade game was the best-selling of all time?.
Answers
Classic arcade game was the best-selling of all time is Pac-Man.
There have been several classic arcade games that have been released over the years. These games have managed to capture the hearts of people all around the world. Some of these games have gone on to become the best-selling games of all time. One such classic arcade game that is considered to be the best-selling of all time is Pac-Man.
Pac-Man is an arcade game that was released in 1980 by Namco. The game was initially released in Japan and later in the United States. Pac-Man is a game that involves the player controlling a character called Pac-Man who is tasked with eating dots in a maze while avoiding being caught by four ghosts. The game became very popular, and it's estimated that over 400,000 Pac-Man arcade cabinets were sold worldwide.
The game's popularity resulted in the creation of several sequels, remakes, and spin-offs. These include games such as Ms. Pac-Man, Pac-Man Plus, and Pac-Man Championship Edition. The game has also been featured in several movies, TV shows, and other forms of media. Pac-Man is considered to be one of the most influential and popular games of all time and is regarded as a classic in the video game industry.
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Draw an indifference curve showing where you will purchase at the new prices
Answers
An indifference curve is a graph that represents a set of combinations of goods that a consumer considers equal in terms of satisfaction. A consumer is indifferent between the various points along the curve. In economics, indifference curves are used to explain consumer choice and market demand.
As a result, a new price causes the indifference curve to shift. The consumer changes their preferences, and the optimal mix of goods that they desire changes. As a result, the consumer's income and substitution effects result from the new price. In this situation, if one product's price drops, the consumer can afford more of it. They will choose to consume more of this good.
If a product's price rises, the consumer will purchase less of it and more of the substitute. For instance, if apples are the only available fruits, and their price rises, consumers will buy more bananas, grapes, and other fruits available in the market. The graphic below depicts an indifference curve for two products, X and Y.
As you move northeast along the curve, the combination of products becomes more desirable, or the consumer receives more satisfaction. As you move southwest along the curve, the combination becomes less desirable, or the consumer receives less satisfaction. Therefore, if the prices of the products change, the consumer's budget line will change, and the indifference curve will shift. The new prices will cause the consumer to change their consumption pattern, and the indifference curve will shift as a result. Thus, the consumer's optimal consumption bundle will change.
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Suppose that there are two farms in a Norfolk postcode which have known flood risks. For example, both the farmers and any insurer know their elevation above sea level and have the same projections about sea level rise. There are also three possible but as yet unknown states of the world: under Scenario 1 there will be no sea level rise into the future, and therefore both farms will be valued at £1 million. Under Scenario 2, sea level rise will be moderate, causing the present valuation of one of the farms to be cut to £500,000, whereas the other farm, located slightly higher, is still valued at £1 million. Finally, under Scenario 3 the sea level rise will be severe and both farms will suffer reduced valuations. Under Scenario 3 the present valuation of both farms would be £250,000.
Scenario 1 is seen by all people as having a 25% likelihood, Scenario 2 is perceived as having a 50% likelihood and Scenario 3 as having a 25% likelihood.
(a) Calculate the expected present value of each of the two farms.
(b) How would a risk-neutral insurer need to price an individual policy for each of the two farms so as to break even in expectation? Suppose that the policy would pay out £0 to both farmers in Scenario 1, pay £500,000 only to the low-lying farmer in Scenario 2, and pay out £750,000 to both farmers in Scenario 3 (i.e. full insurance). The two farmers can be charged different prices! Assume that both farmers are risk-averse and would therefore want to buy the policies at these actuarially fair prices.
(c) Scenario 3 presents a challenge to the insurer because it would need to make payouts to both farmers. What if it doesn’t have reinsurance?
Let your answers to b be denoted by P1 and P2. Suppose the insurer were constrained in that it could only pay out the sum total of collected premia out to the two farmers. I.e. rather than £750,000 to each farmer, it could only pay out (P1 + P2)/2 to each of them. Would both consumers still want to buy the policies at P1, P2, respectively if they were able to anticipatethe insurer’s constraint? What would the farmers’ risk premia need to be?
Answers
(a) Expected present value of each of the two farms The expected present value of each of the two farms is obtained by taking the sum of each scenario’s present value multiplied by the scenario’s likelihood.
Scenarios 1, 2, and 3 are the three possible scenarios in this case. Therefore, we have; Farm 1Expected present value of farm 1=Scenario
1 valuation × Scenario 1 likelihood+ Scenario
2 valuation × Scenario 2 likelihood+ Scenario
3 valuation × Scenario 3 likelihood=£1m × 25% + £1m × 50% + £250,000 × 25%= £625,000Farm 2Expected present value of farm 2=Scenario 1 valuation × Scenario 1 likelihood+ Scenario 2 valuation × Scenario 2 likelihood+ Scenario
3 valuation × Scenario 3 likelihood=£1m × 25% + £500,000 × 50% + £250,000 × 25%= £500,000(b) The actuarially fair price for the policies: This is the price that the insurer would have to charge the farmers to break even. The actuarially fair price will equal the expected payout for each policy.
Farm 1If P is the actuarially fair price for farm 1,
Then; P × 25% + 0.5 × (£500,000 - P) + £750,000 × 25% = P1.5P = £875,000P = £583,333.33Farm 2If P is the actuarially fair price for farm 2, Then;P × 25% + 0.5 × (£500,000 - £0) + £750,000 × 25% = P0.75P = £625,000P = £833,333.33The actuarially fair price for the policy for farm 1 is £583,333.33 and for farm 2 is £833,333.33.
Therefore, the insurer must charge £583,333.33 to farmer 1 and £833,333.33 to farmer 2 to break even.(c) Challenge to the insurer:
If the insurer is not insured, then it will not be able to meet the demands of farmers in Scenario 3. The insurer will pay out (P1 + P2)/2 to both farmers. The insurer’s constraints would mean that the farmers’ payout would be £250,000 each if they were unable to find insurance elsewhere.
This will affect the farmers' decision in buying the policies. Farmers may or may not still want to buy policies depending on how much they value the policy. Farmers will want to buy the policies at the prices P1 and P2 if P1+P2 is greater than £500,000.
The formula is P1+P2> £500,000.
Therefore; Risk premier for farmers: This is the premium the farmers pay above the actuarially fair price to buy the policy. We can calculate the risk premier by subtracting the actuarially fair price from the price at which they would still buy the policy. The formula is Risk premier= P - Pair.
For farmer 1:Risk premier= P1 - Pfair1= £583,333.33 - £500,000= £83,333.33For farmer 2: Risk premier= P2 - Pfair2= £833,333.33 - £500,000= £333,333.33
Therefore, farmer 1's risk premier is £83,333.33 and farmer 2's risk premier is £333,333.33.
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Martin is in charge of all delivery schedules for the company's warehouse. Based on his knowledge of the company's deliveries, he was recently asked to help design a new warehouse. Which aspect of management is Martin involved with?
Answers
Martin is involved in the aspect of management known as operations management. Management is a significant and critical aspect of any organization.
It entails activities such as planning, organizing, leading, and controlling organizational resources for the achievement of organizational objectives. Management can be divided into several aspects, such as operations management, marketing management, financial management, and human resource management.
Operations management refers to the planning, organizing, and control of the activities that produce a company's products and services. Operations management includes activities such as inventory control, production control, quality control, and scheduling. Martin, who is responsible for the company's delivery schedules and the design of the new warehouse, is involved in the aspect of management known as operations management. Martin's duties include ensuring that the company's delivery schedules are efficient and that the new warehouse is designed to maximize efficiency and productivity. In essence, Martin's role is to ensure that the company's operations run smoothly and that all goods and services are delivered on time and to the satisfaction of the customers. Martin's role, therefore, is critical to the success of the organization, and it requires a high level of expertise and knowledge in operations management.
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Select the correct statement about Earned Value Management (EVM) and risk management.
a. EVM provides cost and schedule variance information that program managers may be able to use to identify risk drivers.
b. EVM is a four step process that includes risk identification as one of the four steps.
c. Risk management provides cost and schedule variance information that EVM can use to identify risk drivers.
d. Risk management is a four step process that includes EVM as one step in the process.
Answers
The correct option would be (a). EVM provides cost and schedule variance information that program managers may be able to use to identify risk drivers.
How does Earned Value Management (EVM) support program managers in identifying risk drivers?
Earned Value Management (EVM) is a powerful project management technique that integrates cost, schedule, and scope to provide valuable insights into project performance. By comparing the planned value (PV) with the earned value (EV) and actual cost (AC), EVM calculates cost variance (CV) and schedule variance (SV).
These variances help program managers understand how the project is progressing in terms of cost and schedule. By analyzing these variances, program managers can pinpoint areas where deviations from the planned performance occur. These deviations can indicate potential risk factors or drivers that may impact the project's success.
In practice, EVM allows program managers to proactively identify risk drivers by highlighting areas where cost and schedule variances are significant. For example, if the cost variance (CV) is consistently negative, it may indicate a risk of budget overrun. Similarly, if the schedule variance (SV) is consistently negative, it may suggest a risk of project delays.
By closely monitoring these variances, program managers can identify the root causes of deviations, assess their impact on the project's objectives, and develop appropriate risk response strategies.
Therefore, the correct option would be (a). EVM provides cost and schedule variance information that program managers may be able to use to identify risk drivers.
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Question 25 Price discrimination is welfare reducing. True, price discrimination limits the coverage of a market thereby increasing welfare. True, price discrimination can increase the coverage of a market thereby increasing welfare. False, price discrimination limits the coverage of a market thereby increasing welfare. False, price discrimination can increase the coverage of a market thereby increasing welfare,
Answers
the statement "False, price discrimination limits the coverage of a market thereby increasing welfare" is false. Price discrimination can actually increase the coverage of a market and have positive effects on welfare if implemented correctly.
Price discrimination is a pricing strategy in which different customers are charged different prices for the same product or service. This practice is used by many companies and has both advantages and disadvantages. One of the most common misconceptions about price discrimination is that it is welfare reducing. However, this is not entirely true. In fact, price discrimination can have both positive and negative effects on welfare. True, price discrimination limits the coverage of a market thereby increasing welfare. This statement is false. Price discrimination can actually increase the coverage of a market by allowing more customers to access a product or service. This is because different prices can attract different groups of customers who might not be willing to pay the same price. For example, students may be charged a lower price for a museum ticket, while adults pay a higher price. This can increase the overall revenue for the museum and allow more people to access the exhibit.
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The portfolio on the efficient frontier that represents the lowest amount of risk is also referred to as the
Group of answer choices
minimum variance portfolio
tangency portfolio
optimal portfolio
market portfolio
Answers
The portfolio on the efficient frontier that represents the lowest amount of risk is also referred to as the minimum variance portfolio (option a).
A minimum variance portfolio is a portfolio that comprises securities with the least possible volatility, which means a lower degree of risk than other portfolios. It is the optimal blend of investments that has the least volatility of all portfolios with the same expected return as other risky assets.
A minimum variance portfolio is a highly diversified portfolio that invests in low-correlated assets, and these low-correlated assets may be in different classes of assets such as equities, fixed-income, and other asset classes, and asset sub-classes like government bonds, corporate bonds, and commodities. The correct option is a.
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abbott laboratories built their current ethics and compliance program after the fbi uncovered a 10-year fraud perpetrated by employees of the company to cheat customers. abbott ended up paying about $614 million in fines pursuant to this investigation. group of answer choices true false
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Abbott Laboratories built their current ethics and compliance program after the FBI uncovered a 10-year fraud perpetrated by employees of the company to cheat customers. Abbott ended up paying about $614 million in fines pursuant to this investigation. True.
In recent years, Abbott Laboratories has implemented an extensive ethics and compliance program to prevent future violations. In 2012, the company was forced to pay $614 million in fines to the US government as part of a settlement after the FBI discovered a 10-year fraud that involved a few of Abbott's former executives cheating customers.Abbott agreed to pay $614 million to settle charges that it had illegally promoted its drug Depakote for purposes not authorized by the FDA, thus avoiding millions of dollars in refunds to state Medicaid programs.
Abbott Laboratories was not only penalized financially but also had to implement changes that would ensure that such a violation never happens again. Afterward, the company created a compliance program that includes a code of conduct, employee education, and training programs, audits and reviews, and a reporting mechanism that allows employees to report potential violations without fear of retaliation.
Furthermore, Abbott's Board of Directors established the Compliance Committee, which is responsible for overseeing compliance issues and ensuring that the company follows ethical and legal standards. Overall, the creation of an effective compliance program helped Abbott Laboratories regain the trust of its customers and regulators, which are crucial for a company's long-term success and reputation. The given statement is true.
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Describe how Apples sales are used in Lead and Control. Lead and
Conrol are in the 5 concepts in sales management. Please label
which one is which! :)
Answers
Lead: Apples sales are used to set goals and motivate sales teams and direction to the sales team to achieve those goals.
Control: Apples sales are used to monitor performance & ensure targets are met. Therefore 5 concepts in sales management.
In sales management, there are several key concepts that play a crucial role in effectively managing and driving sales performance. Here are five important concepts:
1. Sales Strategy: Developing a strategic plan to achieve sales objectives and target markets.
2. Sales Forecasting: Predicting future sales volumes and revenue based on historical data and market trends.
3. Sales Process: Establishing a systematic approach to managing sales activities from prospecting to closing deals.
4. Sales Team Management: Recruiting, training, and motivating the sales team to achieve targets.
5. Sales Performance Measurement: Monitoring and evaluating sales performance using metrics and key performance indicators (KPIs).
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The most common reaction to change is resistance. Employees are
unwilling to change or
embrace change. Explain ANY FIVE (5) reasons for this
resistance.
Answers
Resistance to change is a common reaction among employees. There are several reasons for this resistance, including fear of the unknown, disruption of routines, loss of control, lack of trust, and perceived negative impact on job security and status.
Resistance to change refers to the unwillingness or opposition displayed by individuals or groups within an organization when faced with new or modified ideas, processes, or initiatives. 1. Fear of the unknown: Change introduces uncertainty and unfamiliarity, triggering fear and resistance as employees are unsure of how the change will affect them personally or professionally. 2. Disruption of routines: Change requires employees to adapt their established routines and ways of working, which can be uncomfortable and challenging. 3. Loss of control: Change may lead to a loss of control or influence over one's work or environment, causing resistance as employees feel a diminished sense of autonomy.
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the end of 2022. Problem 2 (2 marks). An economy is described by the following equations: C=2,500+0.8(Y-T) Ip=2,500 G=3,500 NX = 300 T= 3,000 Y*= 31,400 a. For this economy, find the following: autonomous expenditure, the multiplier, short-run equilibrium output, and the output gap. b. Illustrate this economy's short-run equilibrium on a Keynesian-cross diagram. c. Calculate the amount by which autonomous expenditure would have to change to eliminate the output gap. d. Suppose that the government decided to close the output gap by reducing taxes. By how much must taxes be reduced in order to do this? Cling on the real
Answers
Autonomous expenditure is 6,300
Taxes must be reduced by $595 in order to close the output gap.
How to solve fore Autonomous expenditure
a. To find the autonomous expenditure, we look at the components of expenditure that are not dependent on output or income. In this case, the autonomous expenditure is the sum of investment (Ip), government spending (G), and net exports (NX):
Autonomous expenditure = Ip + G + NX
= 2,500 + 3,500 + 300
= 6,300
The multiplier can be calculated using the formula:
Multiplier = 1 / (1 - MPC)
where MPC is the marginal propensity to consume. In this case, the marginal propensity to consume is 0.8, so the multiplier is:
Multiplier = 1 / (1 - 0.8)
= 1 / 0.2
= 5
To find the short-run equilibrium output, we set aggregate expenditure (AE) equal to output (Y):
AE = C + Ip + G + NX
= (2,500 + 0.8(Y - T)) + 2,500 + 3,500 + 300
Substituting T = 3,000 and solving for Y:
Y = AE
Y = (2,500 + 0.8(Y - 3,000)) + 2,500 + 3,500 + 300
Simplifying the equation:
Y = 6,300 + 0.8Y - 2,400
0.2Y = 3,900
Y = 19,500
The output gap is the difference between the actual output (Y) and potential output (Y*). In this case:
Output gap = Y* - Y
= 31,400 - 19,500
= 11,900
b. On a Keynesian-cross diagram, we plot aggregate expenditure (AE) on the vertical axis and output (Y) on the horizontal axis. The autonomous expenditure (6,300) represents the vertical intercept of the AE line. The slope of the AE line is the marginal propensity to consume (0.8).
c. To eliminate the output gap, we need to close the difference between actual output (19,500) and potential output (31,400). This difference is 11,900. Since the multiplier is 5, we can calculate the change in autonomous expenditure needed to close the output gap:
Change in autonomous expenditure = Output gap / Multiplier
= 11,900 / 5
= 2,380
d. To close the output gap by reducing taxes, we need to determine how much taxes (T) must be reduced. The marginal propensity to consume (MPC) is 0.8, so the tax multiplier (TM) can be calculated as:
TM = -MPC / (1 - MPC)
= -0.8 / (1 - 0.8)
= -0.8 / 0.2
= -4
To find the required change in taxes, we can use the tax multiplier:
Change in taxes = Change in autonomous expenditure / Tax multiplier
= 2,380 / -4
= -595
Therefore, taxes must be reduced by $595 in order to close the output gap.
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Assume a 30 year fixed rate, fully amortizing mortgage for $260,000 at a stated rate of 5% with monthly payments and WITH 2 POINTS at closing. What is the loan payoff at the end of four years? a. $231,686 b. $251,402 c. $224,147 d. $243,438
Answers
The answer is a.$231,686. is the loan payoff at the end of four years
to calculate the loan payoff at the end of four years, we need to determine the remaining balance on the mortgage after making monthly payments for four years.
first, let's calculate the monthly interest rate. the annual interest rate is 5%, so the monthly interest rate would be 5% divided by 12 (months) and expressed as a decimal:
monthly interest rate = 5% / 12 = 0.05 / 12 = 0.00417
next, we need to calculate the number of months in four years:
number of months = 4 years × 12 months/year = 48 months
now we can calculate the monthly payment using the loan amount, interest rate, and loan term:
loan amount = $260,000
interest rate = 0.00417
loan term (in months) = 30 years × 12 months/year = 360 months
using the formula for the monthly payment on a fully amortizing mortgage:
monthly payment = loan amount × (monthly interest rate / (1 - (1 + monthly interest rate)⁽⁻lᵒᵃⁿ ᵗᵉʳᵐ⁾))
monthly payment = $260,000 × (0.00417 / (1 - (1 + 0.00417)⁽⁻³⁶⁰⁾))
calculating this, we find that the monthly payment is approximately $1,392.62.
now, to calculate the loan payoff at the end of four years, we need to determine the remaining balance after 48 months of payments.
to do this, we'll calculate the outstanding balance using the formula:
outstanding balance = loan amount × ((1 + monthly interest rate)^number of months) - (monthly payment × (((1 + monthly interest rate)^number of months) - 1) / monthly interest rate))
outstanding balance = $260,000 × ((1 + 0.00417)⁴⁸) - ($1,392.62 × (((1 + 0.00417)⁴⁸) - 1) / 0.00417))
calculating this, we find that the loan payoff at the end of four years is approximately $231,686.
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the idea that individuals willing to participate in a research study may be different from those who do not is due to
Answers
The idea that individuals willing to participate in a research study may be different from those who do not is due to self-selection bias.
Self-selection bias is a form of bias that occurs when people or things are self-selected, resulting in a non-representative sample or result. In research, it can occur when individuals choose to participate in a study or survey. Those who choose to participate are more likely to be those who are interested in the study's topic, have more free time, or have different characteristics than those who do not participate.
This bias can introduce a systematic difference between the study sample and the target population, potentially affecting the generalizability or external validity of the study's findings. It is important for researchers to be aware of and account for self-selection bias in their study design and analysis to minimize its impact on the results and conclusions.
Various strategies, such as random sampling, recruitment efforts, and statistical adjustments, can be employed to mitigate the potential effects of self-selection bias in research studies.
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Suppose that a default-free, one-year, zero coupon bond with face value of $1000 is trading at $910, and a default-free, two-year, zero-coupon bond with face value $1000 is trading at $800. You would like to issue a default-free, two-year coupon bond at par (with face value $1000). (a) The one year spot rate ro(1) is _____%. (b) The two year spot rate ro(2) is _____ %
(c) The coupon rate for the new issue is ____ %.
Answers
The coupon rate for the new two-year bond would be approximately 10.58%. To calculate the spot rates and the coupon rate, we can use the prices of the zero-coupon bonds and the face value.
(a) The one-year spot rate (r₀(1)) can be calculated using the formula:
Price = Face Value / (1 + r₀(1))
Given that the one-year zero-coupon bond is trading at $910 and the face value is $1000:
$910 = $1000 / (1 + r₀(1))
Solving for r₀(1):
(1 + r₀(1)) = $1000 / $910
r₀(1) = ($1000 / $910) - 1
r₀(1) ≈ 0.0989 or 9.89%
Therefore, the one-year spot rate (r₀(1)) is approximately 9.89%.
(b) The two-year spot rate (r₀(2)) can be calculated using a similar approach:
$800 = $1000 / (1 + r₀(2))^2
Solving for r₀(2):
(1 + r₀(2))^2 = $1000 / $800
1 + r₀(2) ≈ √($1000 / $800)
r₀(2) ≈ √($1000 / $800) - 1
Calculating the value:
r₀(2) ≈ 0.1127 or 11.27%
Therefore, the two-year spot rate (r₀(2)) is approximately 11.27%.
(c) The coupon rate for the new issue is determined by the average of the spot rates over the two-year period. Therefore, the coupon rate would be:
Coupon Rate = (r₀(1) + r₀(2)) / 2
Coupon Rate = (9.89% + 11.27%) / 2
Coupon Rate ≈ 10.58%
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Answer this 2
Q1: What is an enterprise system application suite? Describe the capabilities of the individual components of the application suite.
Q2: Discuss the three types of data in an enterprise system and how they are .
Answers
Q1 An enterprise system application suite is a set of programs intended to help organizations work together to deliver their strategic goals. The application suite is a set of applications or software that work together to allow the different parts of an enterprise to communicate and share data effectively.
There are various components of an enterprise system application suite, and each component has its own capabilities. These components include:
Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP): This component is responsible for organizing, managing, and analyzing an organization's business processes. The ERP system is used to manage various aspects of an organization, including financial management, human resources management, and inventory management.
Q2: In an enterprise system, there are three types of data, including transactional, analytical, and master data.
1. Transactional Data: This type of data is created when a business transaction occurs, such as a sale, purchase, or inventory change. Transactional data is typically stored in the organization's operational database and is used for day-to-day operations.
2. Analytical Data: This type of data is created when transactional data is analyzed to provide insights into business performance. Analytical data is used to identify trends, patterns, and anomalies in the organization's data, which can help inform decision-making.
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Currently, only a few papers have attempted to investigate the impact of COVID-19 on financial reporting quality. For example, using questionnaire survey data from Vietnam, Pham et al. (2021) argue that the financial reporting information becomes less value-relevant during the pandemic. Different from their paper which measures financial reporting quality based on survey data, our paper uses a widely adopted method (i.e., REM) to measure financial reporting quality and uses a larger sample. Focusing on Chinese companies, Xiao and XI (2021) show that companies in the most affected areas engage in more accruals-based earnings management during the pandemic. However, these firms also significantly reduce the use of REM, implying higher financial reporting quality, during the pandemic. The extant studies focus on China and Vietnam where country-level governance is weaker, and the results are mixed. Since financial reporting quality is heavily affected by country-level governance (Bonetti et al., 2016), our paper uses the UK setting with strong country-level governance should add to current literature. Previous literature, mainly on the 2008 financial crisis, shows that crises could lead to higher or lower financial reporting quality. The higher risk and uncertainty during crises often result in higher information asymmetry. This is the same during the COVID-19 pandemic (Hsu and Liao, 2021). If companies exploit the higher information asymmetry, they are more likely to manage their earnings to influence their stakeholders (e.g., investors) and to alleviate the negative effect of the COVID-19 (Chia et al., 2007; Persakis and latridis, 2015). In this situation, we will observe more earnings management activities during the pandemic. However, to reduce information symmetry and to increase investors' trust (Arthur et al., 2015), companies may also have greater incentives to improve their financial reporting quality during the COVID-19 pandemic. The increased scrutiny of auditors and regu- lators may also constrain the use of earnings management (Cimini, 2015; Filip and Raffournier, 2014), and hence result in higher financial reporting quality during the COVID-19 pandemic. Accordingly, we develop the following hypotheses: The second part of this research aims to investigate the mitigating effect of corporate governance on financial reporting quality during the COVID-19 pandemic. To our knowledge, no research has been found that investigated this issue. A few scholars have investigated the role of corporate governance during the COVID-19 pandemic using stock market data. For example, Ding et al. (2021) report that board size and board independence do not have a mitigating effect on stock returns during the pandemic. Furthermore, Hsu and Liao (2021) show that corporate governance may not improve stock returns during the pandemic but can mitigate the negative impact of COVID-19 on stock price volatility Koutoupis et al. (2021). survey literature on corporate governance and COVID-19 and indicate a lack of evidence derived from accounting data. Hence, our paper will fill this research gap. As mentioned in the introduction, this paper focuses on board size, board independence, and CEO duality. According to the agency theory, if a board provides better monitoring (i.e., a board which is larger, is more independent, and lacks CEO duality), it can help to reduce information asymmetry and therefore ensure good financial reporting quality during the pandemic (Alves, 2014; Lu and Boateng, 2018). However, based on the stewardship theory, CEO duality which helps to implement plans promptly (Elsayed, 2007) may improve firm performance during the pandemic and therefore reduce the level of earnings management. Moreover, a larger board is often better in advising companies, particularly in complicated situations (Guest, 2009), and hence may be associated with higher financial reporting quality during the pandemic when the advising from the board is much needed. Accordingly, we develop the following hypothesis:
Answers
Financial reporting quality is heavily affected by country-level governance. During crises, higher risk and uncertainty often lead to higher information asymmetry, resulting in more earnings management activities by companies that exploit the information asymmetry.
On the other hand, to reduce information symmetry and increase investors' trust, companies may improve their financial reporting quality during crises. Auditors and regulators may also constrain the use of earnings management during crises, leading to higher financial reporting quality. The COVID-19 pandemic is no different, and it has affected financial reporting quality in different ways.
To investigate this issue, researchers have conducted several studies, and the results are mixed. Some studies show that companies engage in more accruals-based earnings management during the pandemic, while others show that companies significantly reduce the use of REM, implying higher financial reporting quality during the pandemic. Currently, only a few papers have attempted to investigate the impact of COVID-19 on financial reporting quality, and they mostly focus on China and Vietnam, where country-level governance is weaker. Hence, the study on the UK setting with strong country-level governance should add to the current literature.
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Consider the following scenario: "Take Me Away", a nation-wide Vacation Rental Company, is in trouble. Their reservation system crashes much too often. The employees can’tsee what properties are requested and guests may encounter significant errors when checking options and making reservations online. The IT director asked you to create a business case that will address this problem. You, as the business analyst, start to work on the business case and decide the primary solution is to deploy a new reservation system in your ERP system and the website where customers make their reservations. A list of some of the stakeholders follows:
1. IT Director (Sponsor) 2. Steering Committee (composed of other property managment managers) 3. IT Department 4. Sales Department 5. Marketing Department 6. Maintenance/Repair Department 7. Interior Design Department 8. Branches all across the US (Managers and employees) 9. Individual Customers 10. Organizational Customers (Corporations that rent out properties regularly based on a contract) 11. Contractors building new properties 12. Insurance companies 13. Travel agencies 14. Government agencies (e.g., Department of Transportation, US Environmental Protection Agency) 15. Not-for-profit organizations (e.g., associations that were established to reduce the impact on the environment)
The deliverables for the Steering Committee include the business case and alternative solutions and are expected within six months. You chose an adaptive approach to attain rapid delivery of business value in short iterations. Hence, you are targeting three iterations, one every two months. After each iteration, you plan to get feedback from the end users and customers. Also, at the end of each iteration, you will meet with the IS steering committee members and some end users. They will give you feedback regarding your results (e.g., elicitation results) and outputs (e.g., mockup screen, prototype).
1. (65 pts) Place all fifteen stakeholders on the Stakeholder Matrix (BABOK, Figure 10.43.1). The vertical axis will be "Influence of Stakeholder" (Power of stakeholders) and the horizontal axis will be "Impact on Stakeholder" (Interest of stakeholders). Explain why you placed each stakeholder in their quadrants. Don’t place the stakeholders in the 2 x 2 matrix; simply place the stakeholders under the correct bullet point as shown below:
• Low Power – Low Interest Stakeholders i. Stakeholder a ii. Stakeholder j
• Low Power – High Interest Stakeholders i. Stakeholder b ii. Stakeholder c
• High Power – Low Interest Stakeholders i. And so on ...
• High Power – High Interest Stakeholders i. And so on ...
Answers
• Low Power – Low Interest Stakeholders
i. Maintenance/Repair Department: While the department may be affected by the reservation system issues, they have low power and interest in the overall decision-making process.
How to explain the information
• Low Power – High Interest Stakeholders
i. Individual Customers: They have a high interest in the reservation system as it directly affects their ability to make bookings and have a good experience.
ii. Contractors building new properties: They may have an interest in the reservation system to ensure smooth coordination between property construction and availability.
• High Power – Low Interest Stakeholders
i. Marketing Department: They have the power to influence the promotion and marketing of the vacation rental properties but may have low interest in the technical aspects of the reservation system.
ii. Insurance companies: They may have power over certain aspects such as insurance coverage for the properties but may have low interest in the day-to-day functioning of the reservation system.
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ujarak is an advertiser at a magazine company. he wants to reach shoppers who visited the subscription sign-up page, but did not complete their signups. which type of audience could he use to best reach this audience?
Answers
Ujarak, who is an advertiser at a magazine company, wants to reach the shoppers who visited the subscription sign-up page, but did not complete their signups.
The type of audience he could use to best reach this audience is the retargeting audience.
What is a retargeting audience?
Retargeting audience is the kind of audience that contains individuals who have previously engaged with your business in some way.
They may have visited your website, added items to their shopping cart, or signed up for your email newsletter.
Retargeting audience is most commonly used to target individuals who have shown an interest in a product but haven't converted or made a purchase yet.
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